Tsinghua news network, July 12 - on July 10, the research group of Chai Jijie and the Sainsbury laboratory, School of life, Tsinghua University

And Cyril of the University of Z ü rich

Zipfel's monograph was published in nature, a top international journal, entitled "mechanisms of Ralf peptide recognition by heteroreceptor complexes" (mechanism of Ralf)

peptide perception by a heterotypic receptor

Complex). By analyzing the crystal structure of 2.77 a-ralf23-llg2-fer complex and combining with in vivo function and in vitro biochemical experiment, the rapid alkalization factor (rapid) of plant peptide hormone was elucidated

ALkalinization Factor，

Ralf) is anchored by crrk1l receptor kinase and glycosylphosphatidylinositol,

GPI) the molecular mechanism of protein heteromorphism recognition, which provides a new paradigm for the functional study of related protein families.

Arabidopsis genome encodes more than 600 receptor like kinases,

RLK) gene, which mediates the exchange of signals inside and outside plant cell membrane by recognizing different ligands including hormone signal, small peptide signal and exogenous pathogen related molecular pattern (PAMP). According to the composition of extracellular domain of receptor kinase, these RLKs can be divided into about 15 subfamilies. In the past decade, Professor Chai Jijie's research group has focused on the structure and function of three subfamilies (lrr-rlk, LysM RLK, G-type

Letin RLK), a model of homologous or heterogenous dimerization and activation of plant receptor kinases was summarized and put forward. Professor Chai Jijie's team also won the second prize of 2017 National Natural Science Award for "Research on the structure and function of receptor kinases such as brassinolide".

Arabidopsis receptor kinase feronia (FER)

It is a member of crrlk1l subfamily, another plant receptor kinase. The members of crrlk1l subfamily have two characteristic tandem malectin domains related to ligand recognition. Malectin is a protein located on endoplasmic reticulum, which can specifically recognize carbohydrate molecules and is related to glycosylation of proteins. Plant malectin domain has also been reported to recognize cell wall related polysaccharide pectin. Since the discovery of fer, three science articles have reported on its role in reproduction (Escobar Restrepo)

JM et al, science 2007), growth (haruta m et al, science 2014), immunity (stegmann m et al,

Science2017) important role in physiological processes of three major plants. Rapid alkalization factor,

Ralf) is an important plant peptide hormone, which is considered as a ligand of receptor kinase crrlk1l subfamily. If ralf1 / 23 is identified by fer, ralf4 / 19 is identified by anx1 / 2,

Bups1 / 2 recognition (GE et al, science, 2017; mecchia Ma et al, science, 2017), etc. Lorelei, Arabidopsis

LRE and llg1 / 2 / 3 families are extracellular membrane anchored proteins, which have been shown to be important participants in the FER signaling pathway (capron et al., plant cell, 2008);

Li et al., elife, 2015)。

In this study, Chai Jijie team used structural biology method to analyze apo fer, apo anx1, apo anx2,

The five crystal structures of apo-llg1 and ralf23-llg2-fer complexes, combined with the in vivo functional genetic experiments and a variety of biochemical methods in vitro, show for the first time the molecular mechanism that plant peptide hormone rapid alkalization factor Ralf is recognized by receptor kinase membrane anchor protein, a heteromorphous receptor complex. There are about 250 GPI proteins in Arabidopsis. Most studies show that GPI protein, as a molecular chaperone of related membrane proteins, plays a role in the transport of membrane proteins on the cell membrane system. At present, there is no report that plant GPI protein directly recognizes ligands.In this study, GPI protein llg1 / 2 / 3 can be used as a receptor to directly recognize the ligand Ralf on the membrane, and form a new interface to bind the receptor kinase fer under the induction of the ligand Ralf, so that the heteroreceptor complex fer-llg can jointly complete the recognition of the ligand Ralf.

Structure pattern of fer-ralf23-llg2

Different from the traditional pattern of receptor kinase recognizing ligand based on homodimerization or polycondensation found in previous studies, the pattern of receptor kinase and membrane anchor protein forming heterocomplex to recognize ligand revealed in this study provides a new paradigm for the structural and functional research of plant receptor kinase and membrane anchor protein. This study also corrected the recognition that plant malectin can also recognize polysaccharides, and proved that after the evolution of the malectin domains in animals and plants, they have acquired different ligand recognition functions.

This research is another breakthrough research achievement of Professor Chai Jijie's team in the field of plant receptor kinase research. This research achievement has been highly praised by reviewers, editors of journal Nature and international peers“

This new work has greatly promoted the development of this field. They have demonstrated that a cell wall related GPI membrane anchor protein LLG, together with receptor kinase, acts as a receptor for a class of plant peptide hormones. This is a new receptor ligand binding paradigm, which will have a significant impact on the research of related proteins. "

(This new manuscript proves it is a co-receptor and helps tremendously in moving

the field ahead, especially since the involvement of a cell wall protein that is

GPI anchored, LLG, with a plant peptide hormone and its receptor kinase, is a

brand new paradigm that may have many important ramifications.)

Xiao Yu, 2015 Ph.D. student, School of life, Tsinghua University, Martin, Sainsbury Experimental Center

Dr. stegmann and Han Zhifu, associate researcher of Tsinghua University School of life, are the co first authors of this paper. Professor Chai Jijie, Tsinghua University School of life, and Cyril of Sainsbury experimental center and Zurich University

Professor zipfel is the co-author of this paper. In addition, the Sainsbury experimental center and the Thomas A. DeFalco, Mendel Institute, University of Zurich (Gregor Mendel)

Katarzyna Parys, Youssef, Institute)

Belkhadir and Xu Li, Ph.D. candidate, School of life, Tsinghua University, also participated in the study. This project has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of science and technology, Tsinghua University Life Science Joint Center, Beijing advanced innovation center of structural biology and the European Research Commission (the

European Research Council, the Gatsby charity

Foundation), University of Zurich, etc.

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