Abstract:

Is not all the genetic code of life necessary? According to a new study published online on the 15th of the British journal Nature, the British team has successfully "compressed" the genetic code - so that a synthetic Escherichia coli can encode all the common amino acids with only limited protein synthesis instructions. This is another important progress in synthetic biology. The redesign of bacterial microbial genome has far-reaching significance for giving new functions and properties to organisms.

The mysteries and laws of life are hidden in a set of codes - genetic codes, also known as "codons", which are composed of four different chemical bases (or nucleotides), a, C, G and t. Each triplet "codon" represents the insertion of a specific amino acid or the termination signal of a protein synthesis. There are 64 kinds of codons, but only 20 kinds of amino acids. Therefore, one amino acid can correspond to many kinds of codons. This shows that the genetic code itself is redundant.

Jason Qin, a scientist at the molecular biology laboratory of the British Medical Research Council, and his colleagues recoded the entire genome of E.

In addition, the team recoded one of the three termination codons. This study shows that the genetic code can be compressed, even if the absence of a specific codon can still maintain the life of bacteria.

This study paves the way for the design and synthesis of bacteria with beneficial but highly functional properties. The researchers also say that in the future, these missing codons may be replaced by new sequences encoding unnatural amino acids, which is expected to design synthetic bacteria that can produce unnatural biopolymers.

The chief editor of the circle point synthetic biologist is actually more like a life designer. From reprogramming the bacterial genome to compressing the genetic code, the E.coli in their hands is now quite different from the E.coli in nature. The purpose of scientists is to change the function of bacteria and design new biological properties. Given that there are trillions of bacteria living in our bodies, the technology is ultimately linked to human health.

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