According to the traditional nutrition theory, protein is divided into a part of peptide and most of free amino acids under the action of protease and trypsin. Peptide is a biochemical substance between amino acids and protein, which is smaller than protein molecular weight and larger than amino acid molecular weight. It is a segment of protein. From more than two to as many as dozens of amino acid peptide bonds linked to polymerize into peptides, and then from multiple peptides linked to polymerize into proteins by side chains.

More than two amino acids are connected by peptide bond, and the "amino acid chain" or "amino acid chain" formed is called peptide. Among them, the peptide composed of more than 10 amino acids is called peptide, and the peptide composed of 2 to 9 amino acids is called oligopeptide. Under the action of peptidase, peptides can be decomposed into free amino acids, which can be directly digested and absorbed by organisms. However, a large number of experiments show that amino acids can not meet the nutritional needs of biological protein, and can not achieve the desired goal.

In addition, the utilization of other essential and non essential amino acids will also be affected by a single limiting amino acid, which can not give full play to the advantages of protein quality. The physiological significance of oligopeptides in vivo has not been paid enough attention. It was not until the 1990s that the type I and type II oligopeptide carriers were cloned, the importance of oligopeptide was gradually understood, and then oligopeptide nutrition became one of the hot spots of protein nutrition.

A large number of experiments show that the absorption of oligopeptides has the characteristics of fast speed, low energy consumption, not easy to saturate and no competition and inhibition between each other. Therefore, the absorption of amino acids in peptides is faster and more effective than that of free amino acids.Oligopeptides accelerate protein synthesis

The absorption of free amino acids is competitive. When lysine and arginine exist in free form, they compete with each other for the absorption sites, while when lysine exists in peptide form, arginine has no effect on their absorption. Therefore, the oligopeptide absorption system plays an important role in the absorption of amino acids.

Because oligopeptide absorption system has the characteristics of fast transport, low energy consumption, and not easy to saturate, while amino acid absorption is slow, energy consumption is high, and carrier is easy to saturate, so oligopeptide can quickly improve the amino acid difference between arteriovenous and accelerate the synthesis of whole protein.

Take the animal as an example, that is, when the oligopeptide is used as the nitrogen source of the animal, the deposition rate of the body protein is higher than that of the corresponding free amino acid pure diet (the animal feed is composed of pure nutrients, not natural feed).

A large number of experiments showed that the amino acid residues in oligopeptides absorbed more rapidly and effectively than the corresponding free amino acids. By studying the effect of different proportion of oligopeptide and free amino acid on the absorption of amino acid in chicken, it was found that the increase of the proportion of oligopeptide can significantly improve the absorption rate of amino acid. In addition, oligopeptides can be directly absorbed by gastrointestinal tract into blood circulation, participate in peptide chain extension, and improve protein synthesis.

In addition to the absorption mechanism of oligopeptide can promote the absorption of amino acids, oligopeptide itself can also promote the absorption of amino acids and their residues. The oligopeptide absorbed into the circulatory system can be hydrolyzed into free amino acids as a nitrogen source for the synthesis of tissue proteins.

Oligopeptides promote the absorption of mineral elements

Oligopeptides can promote the absorption and utilization of mineral elements by organisms, and their promotion mainly comes from the hydrolysates of casein peptides. The peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of casein can bind and transport divalent mineral ions. The amino acid residues of oligopeptides can be fused with metal ions, which can prevent factors in intestinal cavity from precipitating or adsorbing mineral elements, directly reaching the brush like edge of small intestine, and hydrolyzing at the absorption site, so as to increase the absorption of mineral elements. Some oligopeptides have the characteristics of binding with metals, which promote the passive transport process of calcium, zinc, iron and other minerals and the storage in vivo.

Other physiological activities of Oligopeptides

In recent years, scientists have done a lot of research on the role of peptides produced in the process of protein digestion. These studies show that these peptides can not only provide amino acids, but also have physiological activities. As physiological regulators, they can directly act as neurotransmitters or indirectly stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and enzymes to play a physiological role.

Peptides are important active substances in nervous system, many of them are oligopeptides. Many studies have proved that many common proteins can decompose and produce living peptides under the action of digestive enzymes. The released bioactive peptides can be completely absorbed into the circulatory system and play a physiological role as neurotransmitters.

Peptides produced by protein degradation play an important role in immune regulation. Many experiments have proved that some peptides produced by protein hydrolysis affect the humoral and cellular immunity of organisms. For example, tripeptides and hexapeptides produced by β - casein can promote the phagocytosis of macrophages in vitro.

The absorption mechanism of oligopeptides plays an important role in the utilization of proteins. This mechanism makes the absorption of amino acids faster than that of free amino acids, thus improving the utilization rate of protein, promoting the absorption of human body with its own energy, forcing human body to absorb when the absorption function of human body is lost. Moreover, some oligopeptides can also be directly absorbed by organisms as physiological active substances and participate in physiological function and metabolic regulation. At the same time, it will not increase the burden of gastrointestinal function. Therefore, the absorption of oligopeptides is of great significance to organisms. But up to now, the absorption, transport, metabolic mechanism and physiological significance of oligopeptides need more and more in-depth study.

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Chengdu Shengnuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has "Chengdu polypeptide drug engineering technology research center" in Chengdu, mainly engaged in polypeptide, polypeptide drug and beauty peptide research. Our zero defect has passed the FDA certification, and now it has become the first-class professional peptide drug and product development, technology transfer, technical service and peptide drug industry in the scale production and export of China's parks.