（1） Structural characteristics of protein peptide drugs
The basic structural unit of protein is amino acid. There are more than 20 kinds of amino acids that constitute natural protein. Most of them contain one amino group and one carboxyl group. According to the structure of the side chain, it can be divided into aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic amino acids; according to the hydrophilicity of the side chain, it can be divided into polar and nonpolar amino acids; according to the charge, it can be divided into positive and negative amino acids.
The chemical bond in protein structure includes covalent bond and non covalent bond. The covalent bond includes peptide bond, and two sulfur bond. The non covalent bond includes hydrogen bond, water dispersing bond, ion bond, Fan Dehua force and coordination bond, etc. The structure of protein can be divided into primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and tertiary structure. The higher structure and disulfide bond have important influence on the biological activity of protein.
（2） Physical and chemical properties of protein peptide drugs
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Protein macromolecule is a kind of amphoteric electrolyte, which shows colloidal properties in water. It also has optical activity and ultraviolet absorption.
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The destruction of covalent bonds in protein molecules includes hydrolysis, oxidation, racemization and disulfide bond breaking and exchange. The chemical degradation of protein is closely related to temperature, pH value, ionic strength and the presence of oxidants, as well as the structure and properties of protein.
The destruction of noncovalent bonds in protein molecules can lead to protein denaturation. The denaturation of protein can be divided into two types: reversible and irreversible. The factors affecting the denaturation of protein include temperature, pH value, chemical reagent, mechanical stress and ultrasonic, air oxidation, surface adsorption and light. Protein is very sensitive to the interface and can cause protein denaturation.
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About Shengnuo
Chengdu Shengnuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has "Chengdu polypeptide drug engineering technology research center" in Chengdu, mainly engaged in polypeptide, polypeptide drug and beauty peptide research. Our zero defect has passed the FDA certification, and now it has become the first-class professional peptide drug and product development, technology transfer, technical service and peptide drug industry in the scale production and export of China's parks.